Saturday, July 15, 2006

Crysocopic and Ebullioscopic

The lowering ΔTfus,A = |T*fus,ATfus,A| of the freezing temperature T*fus,A of a mass mA of the solvent substance A by a dissolved amount nB of solute substance B is given by the formula:

ΔTfus,A = (nB/mA)T*fus,A(RT*fus,A1sh*A) = (nB/mA)kfus,A,

where R denotes the gas constant (R = 8.314 51 J·K−1· mol−1), Δ1sh*A denotes the massic (formerly ‘specific’) enthalpy of fusion of the pure (*) solvent A, and kfus,A is called the cryoscopic constant of A, and where it has been assumed that the solution is ideal-dilute and that the solid phase is that of the pure solvent.
Similarly, the corresponding elevation ΔTvap,A = |Tvap,AT*vap,A| of the boiling temperature at a given pressure is given by the formula:

ΔTvap,A = (nB/mA)T*vap,A(RT*vap,A1gh*A) = (nB/mA)kvap,A,

where Δ1gh*A is now the massic enthalpy of evaporation of the pure solvent A and kvap,A is called the ebullioscopic constant of A, and where it has been assumed that the solution is ideal-dilute and that the solute B is involatile.

A

kfus/(K·kg·mol1)

kvap/(K·kg·mol1)

Δls h*A/(J·g1)

Δgl h*A/(J·g1)

CH3CO2H

3.90

3.07

195

405

CH3COCH3

2.40

1.71

98

524

C6H5NH2

5.87

3.22

88

460

C6H6

5.12

2.53

126

394

C10H16O (camphor)

40


45


CS2

3.8

2.37

58

351

CCl4

30

4.95

16

195

CHCl3

4.90

3.66

80

246

c-C6Hl2

20.1

2.79

32

356

(C2H5)2O

1.79

1.82

97

358

C10H8 (naphthalene)

6.94

5.8

152

316

C6H5NO2

6.90

5.26

94

331

C6H5OH

7.27

3.04

122

485

c-C5H5N

4.75


94

460

H2O

1.86

0.51

333

2257


Something i dun understand about these 2 constants in chemistry. I guess this explains it all

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